4D seismic

The seismic and well data investigation tool integrates work flows to provide a consistent analysis of reservoirs.

The authors of this paper show the migration of a CO2 plume within a depleted carbonate reservoir and the expected effects of CO2 saturation and pressure buildups during injection on time lapse 4D seismic for conformance monitoring.

This paper describes interpretation results of a 4D seismic-monitoring program in a challenging Middle East carbonate reservoir.

This paper outlines the value of 4D for reducing uncertainty in the range of history-matched models and improving the production forecast.

An ensemble-based 4D-seismic history-matching case is presented in the complete paper. Seismic data are reparameterized as distance to a 4D anomaly front and assimilated with production data.

Integrated surveillance is critical for understanding reservoir dynamics and improving field management. A key component of the surveillance is areal monitoring of subsurface changes by use of time-lapse geophysical surveys such as 4D seismic.

In this paper, the authors propose a new method for time-lapse-seismic surveys focused on water-injector wells.