TOPICS OF INTEREST
CARBONATES
Stimulation
Several well-stimulation products and techniques have been seen to benefit well productivity from recent field trials and implementations in carbonate reservoirs, including simpler acid fluid systems, integrated work flows, and coiled-tubing bottomhole assemblies.
Stimulation
The fourth industrial revolution is taking the oil and gas business by storm. Many companies have increased resources for big-data analytics and machine learning. Though no one sees physical oilfield services as in decline, development in these areas may take a back seat to artificial intelligence.
New Steamflooding Techniques Pay Off in Mukhaizna Field
This paper covers the staged field-development methodology, including analysis and evaluation of various development concepts, that enabled the company to optimize both completion design and artificial-lift selection, reducing downtime and lowering operating costs by nearly 50%.
4D Seismic Pilot Successfully Interprets Carbonate Reservoir
This paper describes interpretation results of a 4D seismic-monitoring program in a challenging Middle East carbonate reservoir.
Study of Carbonate Reservoirs Examines Fines Migration in CO2-Saturated-Brine Flow
A high-carbon-dioxide (CO2) carbonate gas field offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, is scheduled for development. Reservoirs in this region have an average clay content of 8%; more than 50% of this clay content is migratory illite, and 15% is migratory kaolinite.
Phased Pilot Approach Reduces Uncertainty in Carbonate Steamflood Development
The First Eocene is a multibillion-barrel heavy-oil carbonate reservoir in the Wafra field, located in the Partitioned Zone between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. After more than 60 years of primary production, expected recovery is low and provides a good target for enhanced-oil-recovery processes.
Mechanistic Model Describes Wettability Change in Sandstones and Carbonates
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first surface-complexation-based model that describes fully ionic compositional dependence observed in ionically treated waterfloods in both sandstones and carbonates.
Experimental Program Investigates Miscible CO2 WAG Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs
This paper provides a robust methodology for miscible CO2 WAG experimental-data acquisition and history matching.
Integrated Study Aids Characterization and Modeling of Natural-Fracture Networks
Natural fractures can have a significant effect on fluid flow by creating permeability anisotropy in hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Matrix Stimulation
The evolution of horizontal drilling and multistage completions has changed matrix stimulation from the “more acid, better result” belief to effective lateral distribution and deeper penetration with less acid.
Need for Reserves Replacement Drives Exploration Investment
Despite an abundance of discovered resources, most companies are still running at unsustainable reserves replacement levels, necessitating further investment in exploration of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.
Matrix Stimulation
Tight formations are candidates for hydraulic fracturing as the default. However, the solubility of carbonate by various chemicals provides opportunities to extend the well drainage radius effectively without the intensive equipment, material, and infrastructure demand of hydraulic fracturing.
Formation Damage: A Novel Approach in Evaluating Zonal-Productivity Loss
The paper describes a novel methodology to construct distributed formation damage across openhole wells in carbonate reservoirs and to evaluate the effects of damage on zonal productivity.
A Field Trial in a Carbonate Reservoir Using a Solvent-Based Waterflood Process
Dimethyl-ether (DME) -enhanced waterflood (DEW) is a process in which DME is added to injection water and, upon injection, preferentially partitions into the remaining oil.
Tapping Difficult Oil in a Giant Carbonate Field in Qatar
After 70 years of production, more than 30% of the Arab C reservoir stock-tank original oil in place has been recovered through various mechanisms including natural depletion, waterflooding, gas lift implementation, and horizontal-well development.
A Full-Field Interwell Tracer Program on a Giant Carbonate Oil Field
This paper reviews the design and implementation of a full-field interwell tracer program for a giant onshore oil field in Abu Dhabi.
CO2-Energized-Acid Treatment Reduces Freshwater Use, Boosts Well Performance
Carbon dioxide (CO2) with 30% foam quality (FQ) has been introduced for the first time during acid fracturing treatments in a tight, sour, high-pressure/high-temperature carbonate gas reservoir in Saudi Arabia.
Miscible and Immiscible Gas-Injection Pilots in a Middle East Offshore Environment
This paper describes a gas-injection pilot that has been implemented in offshore Middle East carbonate reservoirs to assess injectivity, productivity, macroscopic-sweep efficiency, flow assurance, and operational efficiency in a field that has a long water-injection history.
EOR-Feasibility Study for a Large Carbonate Field in Kuwait
This study provides technical analysis of the viability of enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes; the results indicate the potential for significant improvement in recovery efficiency over continued waterflooding.
Success of Rigless Multistage Selective Stimulation in Supergiant Tight Reservoirs
A tight gas carbonate reservoir with no oil rim in a supergiant onshore gas field in Abu Dhabi was targeted for stimulation during a field review to increase field production.
Proppant Fracture for Unconventional Carbonate Source Rock in Saudi Arabia
This paper will discuss the hydraulic-fracturing-stimulation design, execution, and evaluation for the first successful proppant-fracturing treatment in an unconventional carbonate source rock in Saudi Arabia.
Sulfide/Calcium Carbonate Scale Coprecipitation
Mixed carbonate-/sulfide-scale problems have been reported when water is produced from carbonate reservoirs. This study presents interactions of lead sulfide and zinc sulfide coprecipitating with calcite.
Placement of Stimulating Fluids in Multilayered Carbonate Reservoirs
This paper presents an alternative approach to designing and executing matrix-stimulation treatments in multilayered carbonate reservoirs.
Self-Diverting Acid for Effective Carbonate Stimulation Offshore Brazil
This work describes the positive results experienced when a self-diverting acid system based on a viscoelastic-surfactant (VES) technology was introduced for carbonate-reservoir stimulation offshore Brazil.
Developing Flank Areas in a Giant Carbonate Field With Horizontal-Well Placement
Successful development of flank areas depends on accurate reservoir characterization—in particular, water-saturation distribution—in addition to the optimal areal and vertical placement of wells.
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